Good morning and welcome you all to this session on the course on fluid machine. In an impulse turbine, all hydraulic energy is converted into kinetic energy by a nozzle whereas in a reaction turbine only some amount of the available energy is converted into kinetic energy. This chapter provides an overview of hydraulic turbines. What is the difference between the impulse and reaction turbine. F, dimensional analysisrayleighs method and buckinghams pi theoremstudy of hydraulic models, hydrodynamic force of jets on stationary and moving flat, layout of a typical hydropower installation, governing of turbinessurge tanksunit and specific turbines, classification of hydropower plants etc. Definition hydraulic turbine a rotary engine that converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. Apr 06, 2010 lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof. Water turbine is a device that transforms the potential energy of a head of water into mechanical work.
Power plant lecture notes chapter7 hydrowater power plant. We use cookies to offer you a better experience, personalize content, tailor advertising, provide social media features, and better understand the use of our services. Turbine itself means a thing which rotates or spins. The hydraulic turbine is a mechanical device that converts the potential energy contained in an elevated body of. Two basic categories of machines are the rotary type and the reciprocating type. Which of the following hydraulic turbines are reaction turbine. Francis turbine may be designed for a wide range of heads and flows. In an impulse turbine the potential energy, or the head of water, is first converted into kinetic energy by discharging water through a carefully shaped nozzle. Uses the potential energy and kinetic energy of water and rotate the rotor by dynamic action of water. A water turbine is a rotary machine that converts kinetic energy and potential energy of water into mechanical work. Introduction to hydraulic turbine and classification of.
Som, department of mechanical engineering,iit kharagpur. When the fluid used is water, they are called hydraulic turbines. Hydraulic turbines transfer the energy from a flowing fluid to a rotating shaft. In the last lecture we have talked about the pelton turbine which is an impulse type of. Concept of specific speed and introduction to impulse hydraulic turbine. Specific speed, governing and limitations of impulse turbine.
Hydraulic turbines their design and equipment nechleba. Turbomachinery aerodynamics nptel online videos, courses iit video lectures. Introduction to fluid machinery turbines, pumps, blowers. Hydraulic actuators the actuator ofalarge turbine steam valve must generate large forces that. Therefore, pelton wheels have only one turbine stage, unlike gas turbines that operate with compressible fluid. Hydraulic turbines may be defined as prime movers that transform the kinetic energy of the falling. Turgo impulse turbine design was developed by gilkes in 1919 to provide a simple impulse type machine with cons iderably higher specific speed than a singgj g g j gle jet pelton.
General information the pelton turbine is a hydraulic impulse turbine, in which one or more water jets hit buckets on a wheel. This energy obtained is know as hydroelectric power which is one of the cheapest forms of energy generation. Aug 25, 2016 turbines are machines which convert fluid energy to mechanical energy. Hydraulic turbines coupled with hydro generators form the so called hydrounits which are widely used now a days for generating electrical power. Aug 03, 20 basic mechanical engineering hydraulic turbines 1. Concept of specific speed and introduction to impulse. When the steam passes through the stationary nozzles and is directed at high velocity against the rotor buckets. Impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working. Good morning, i welcome you all for todays discussion on hydraulic turbines. Turbine is a general term for any device that extracts mechanical energy from a fluid generally converting it to rotating energy of a turbine wheel.
The hydraulic turbines were classified according to the following conditions. There is less of a drop in pressure and consequently a smaller increase in velocity. In a reaction turbine, the runner utilizes both potential and kinetic energies. The pressure and temperature of working medium in hydraulic turbines is lower than. Hydraulic machinery made easy gate handwritten notes. This turbine is connected to a generator which generates electricity. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The turbine is located at the end of penstock from where the pressurized water strike the blades of turbine at high velocity making it to rotate. For liquids, we usually call them hydraulic turbines or hydroturbines.
Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube lectures, free video lectures, nptel online courses, youtube iit videos nptel courses. Hydraulic turbines an overview sciencedirect topics. British electricity international, in turbines, generators and associated plant third edition, 1991. Comparison between impulse turbine and reaction turbine.
Classification of turbines hydraulic turbines may be classified in the following ways. One such example of impulse turbine is pelton wheel. Us8169a us29079205a us1905290792a us8169a us 8169 a us8169 a us 8169a us 29079205 a us29079205 a us 29079205a us 1905290792 a us1905290792 a us 1905290792a us 8169 a us8169 a us 8169a authority us united states prior art keywords reaction impulse blades drum turbine prior art date 19051207 legal status the. Last class we discussed the power developed by pelton wheel and how the hydraulic efficiency and the overall efficiencies are defined. In the previous problem the hydraulic efficiency is obtained as. Because water and most liquids are nearly incompressible, almost all of the available energy is extracted in the first stage of the hydraulic turbine. This category of hydraulic turbines has the flow path of the. Hydraulic turbines are being used from very ancient times to harness the energy stored in flowing streams, rivers and lakes. A hydraulic turbine is a machine which converts the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. Chaplin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss blades some potential energy is converted into kinetic energy but not as much as in the impulse turbine. Steve, assistant professor, amal jyothi college of engineering email. Kaplan turbine used for low head, high discharge installations degree of reaction dr is the ratio of static pressure drop pressure energy converted in the rotor to the total pressure drop total hydraulic energy available in the turbine. Based on the pressure change hydraulic turbines can be classified as of two types. Reaction turbine is one in which there is a change in the pressure.
Hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants 1. Reaction turbine in an impulse turbine, the total energy at the inlet of a turbine is only kinetic energy. Mod01 lec09 introduction to reaction type of hydraulic turbine a francis turbine duration. Hydraulic turbineshydraulic turbines raven mechanical. Introduction to fluid machinery turbines, pumps, blowers and. Still, if you have any doubt ask in the comment section, i will get back to you as soon as possible. Mod01 lec09 introduction to reaction type of hydraulic turbine a. The precise shape of water turbine blades is a function of the supply pressure of water, and the type of impeller selected. Reaction turbines are acted on by water, which changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy. Mod01 lec09 introduction to reaction type of hydraulic. Introduction to fluid machines and compressible flow by prof.
The device which converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy or vice versa is known as hydraulic machines. Introduction to hydraulic turbine and classification of hydraulic turbine hydraulic turbines definition the hydraulic turbine is a prime mover that uses the energy of flowing water and converts is into the mechanical energy in the form of rotation of the runner. So this is the overview of the pelton wheel turbine, i tried my best to describe the whole thing, i hope you got the concept of pelton wheel. Learn more about design, analysis, working principle and applications of pelton wheel turbine. Thus the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. This, along with their high efficiency, has made them the most widely used turbine in the world. The jet, discharged into air, is directed onto curved buckets fixed on the periphery of the runner to extract the water energy and convert it to useful work. A pump is a device for converting shaft power into water power. E of water coming from the jet is used to run the runnerrotor. It reduces the possibility of separation and cavitation in reciprocating pumps.
Aug 28, 2016 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Since a very high force is exerted on the vanes by the jet of water for a very small time duration, these turbines are known as impulse turbine. These curves pertaining to any turbine are supplied by its manufacturers based on actual tests. Synchronizing is done by manual load control to adjust speed. Now if we define this power developed in terms of an hydraulic efficiency this way, that rho q dot is the rho is the density volume flow rate into gh where h is the head available at the inlet to the machine times the hydraulic head. Water turbines were developed in the 19th century and were widely used for industrial power prior to electrical grids. A prime mover is a machine which uses the raw energy of a substance. Lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof. Difference between impulse and reaction turbine with pdf. Som,department of mechanical engineering,iit kharagpur. Steam turbine is the widely use as a prime mover in power plants, refineries, petrochemical plants, food processing plants, power plants etc.
The pelton turbine is a type of turbine used in the hydropower industry within the field of renewable energy a pelton turbine is a hydraulic turbine of the impulse type used in hydroelectric power plants with high vertical height. On the basis of the type of energy at the turbine inlet impulse turbine total head o. And the condition for which we have the blade efficiency or. Francis turbine is a combination of both impulse and reaction turbine, where the blades rotate using both reaction and impulse force of water flowing through them producing electricity more efficiently.
The hydraulic machines which convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy are known as turbines and that convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy is known as pumps. Mod01 lec06 concept of specific speed and introduction. Lec11 basic concept of turbine, velocity diagram youtube. Following two types of hydraulic turbines are important. Now they are mostly used for electric power generation. Hydraulic turbine is a device that converts the energy in a stream of fluid into mechanical energy by passing the extreme through a system of fixed and moving blades and causing the wheel to rotate. The flow energy to the impulse turbines is completely converted to kinetic. Pelton wheel the pelton wheel is an impulse type water turbine. Types of hydraulic turbines fluid machinery mechanical. I welcome you all for our continued discussion on hydraulic turbines. Hydraulic machinery made easy gate handwritten notes download pdf. In principle, the impulse steam turbine consists of a casing containing stationary steam nozzles and a rotor with moving or rotating buckets. A hydraulic turbine is a prime mover which converts a substantial part of the potential and kinetic energy of flowing water to mechanical energy.
Pumps and turbines autumn 20 objectives 1 understand the role of pumps and turbines as energyconversion devices and use, appropriately, the terms head, power and efficiency. The hydraulics and hydraulic machinery pdf notes hhm pdf notes book starts with the topics covering energy and momentum correction factors, non uniform flowdynamic equation for g. Here portion of potential energy is converted into kinetic energy before entering into the turbine. Here hydraulic energy refers to potential and kinetic energy of a liquid hydraulic pumps are the energyabsorbing machines. Hydraulic turbines consist of pelton wheel, francis and kaplan turbine. Water stored in high level reservoirs like dams has enormous potential energy. Hydraulic head hydraulic actuation of turbine steam valves in this section, two topics are covered. In simple terms, the turbine is like power producing machines. Turbomachinery aerodynamics nptel online videos, courses. In reaction turbine only some amount of the available energy is converted into kinetic energy before the fluid enters the runner. Specific speed governing and limitations of impulse turbine nptel. In a pelton turbine or pelton wheel water jets impact on the blades of the turbine making the wheel rotate, producing torque and power. So the hydraulic energy of the water is mainly converted into kinetic energy.
Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter7 hydrowater power. Water turbines are classified into 2 types impulse type. To test the pelton turbine at different loads and spear valve settings and produce curves that show the turbine performance and the effect of different spear valve settings. Turbine types impulse turbine pelton turgo wheel crossflow. Peltton wheel turbine hydraulic turbine kaplan turbine turgo turbine. Characteristic curves of a turbine these are curves which are characteristic of a particular turbine which helps in studying the performance of the turbine under various conditions. A mechanical device to increase the pressure energy of a fluid. The pressure of liquid does not change while flowing through the rotor of the machine. This document applies to models of prototype machines either with unit power greater than 5 mw or with reference diameter greater than 3 m. Now the water releases in the form of jet from the nozzle and striked on the vanes for a small duration. Unit iii unit iii steam nozzles and turbines flow of steam through nozzles, shapes of nozzles, effect of friction, critical pressure ratio,supersaturated flow. Impulse turbine reaction turbine impulse turbines are high head, low discharge, and low specific speed and operate at atmospheric pressure, while the reaction turbines operate under low and medium head with high specific speed and operate under variable.
Pelton turbine with six nozzles has a specific speed of 8. Purityofthehydraulic fluid used for valve actuation. F, dimensional analysisrayleighs method and buckinghams pi theoremstudy of hydraulic models, hydrodynamic force of jets on stationary and moving flat, layout of a typical hydropower installation, governing of turbinessurge. Hydraulics and hydraulic machinery notes pdf hhm notes pdf.
Impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working and. This mechanical energy is used in running an electric generator which is directly coupled to the shaft of the turbine. Low head below 30 m and large quantity of water requires reaction turbines such as turbine. In this article, we see about the impulse turbine and reaction turbine principle, working and difference. Apr 05, 2016 in impulse turbine all hydraulic energy is converted into kinetic energy by a nozzle and it is is the jet so produced which strikes the runner blades. This is done to reduce the rotational speed of the impulse turbine to. Pump is a device which is used to convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. The pelton turbine is an impulse stage and has of the. So different types of impulse turbines are possible pelton turbine, turgo turbine and banki or crossflow turbine. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter6 gas turbines. To know more about what are hydraulic turbines, what is the working principle of hydraulic turbines and how are they classified, read on through this article series. Hydraulic mechanics lab viva questions and answers pdf free download hydraulic mechanics viva questions with answers. Apr 25, 2016 hydraulic turbines are machines which convert hydraulic energy in to mechanical energy.
Hydraulic turbines hydraulic turbines convert hydraulic energy of water into mechanical energy which is further converted into electrical energy. Hydraulic turbines fundamental operating parameters classification impulse turbines pelton turbines reaction turbines radial flow. Hydraulic turbines may be classified on the basis of four characteristics. Turbines are machines which convert fluid energy to mechanical energy.
Hydraulic turbines their design and equipment nechleba by backwoodsman. In impulse turbines pressure change occur only in the nozzles of the machine. Fundamentals of fluid mechanics chapter 12 pumps and turbines jyhcherng shieh department of bioindustrial mechatronics engineering national taiwan university. Download hydraulic turbine seminar reports, ppt, pdf, hydraulic turbine seminar topics, abstracts, full documentation, source code. The hydraulic turbines are also known as water turbines. Impulse and reaction principles, compounding, velocity diagrams for simple and multistage turbines, speed regulationsgovernors and nozzle governors. Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump turbines model acceptance tests. Hydraulic turbines are machines which convert hydraulic energy in to mechanical energy. Operation ofthe typical hydraulic actuator ofa turbine steam valve and. A water turbine is a device for converting water fluid power into shaft mechanical power. Hydraulic turbinesbasic principles and stateofthe art. The design allows larger jet of water to be directed at an angle onto the runner face. Good morning, i welcome you to the session of fluid machines today we will first.
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